The Top 10 Supplements That Everyone Should Take

Supplements are a double-edged sword. The wrong ones can do more damage than good. But the right ones can massively improve your health—even if you already eat a nutrient-dense diet.

Before we explore the best supplements to take, though, we must first examine some of the issues with generic ones. And by the time you get through our top-10 list, you’ll know exactly how to pick the right supplements to support your brain and body.

First things first: Throw away your multivitamin

Half of the U.S. population takes a multivitamin, and many people seem to think multivitamins are the first line of defense against malnutrition and disease. In fact, the opposite is true. Multivitamins can actually do more harm than good.

Here are the three main reasons to choose targeted, individualized supplementation over multivitamins:

1. You’ll get the wrong amounts of vitamins and minerals

Most multivitamins have too much of some nutrients, like vitamin A or B6, and not enough of others like magnesium. The result? You overdose on some nutrients, while not getting enough of others.

Some manufacturers will use very small amounts of expensive nutrients so they can list them on the label. Average consumers don’t notice the meaningless amounts of these nutrients—they only see what’s on the package.

The truth is that there is no way to fit a “complete spectrum” of nutrients in one single pill. There is a way to formulate supplements that contain science-backed, efficacious doses of targeted ingredients. That’s what you get with Bulletproof supplements.

2. Most multivitamins are low quality

Nutrients come in different forms that behave differently inside your body.

Here’s an example: Folate is an essential B vitamin, but folic acid, the kind found in generic multivitamins, can cause a lot of problems. If you have the MTHFR gene mutation, and over half of people do, folic acid will make you tired and weak. It also increases your risk of certain cancers.^[1] This may be why some studies show no health benefit to taking multivitamins, and others suggest an increase in mortality.^{[2] [3]}

Then you have inactive ingredients. Many multivitamins are made with fillers and additives that make it hard for your body to even absorb the nutrients. So, even if they have the right amount of a nutrient on the label, very little may reach your cells.

In the end, you get what you pay for with supplements. You can buy the generic multivitamins at a big box store, or you can spend a little extra to get supplements made with quality ingredients, no artificial fillers and meaningful doses of bioavailable nutrients.

3. Multivitamins aren’t formulated for you

Your nutritional needs vary depending on your sex, whether or not you’re pregnant, your activity levels, your age…the list goes on. Most multivitamins market a single formula for adults. There are very few people that a basic “adult” formula will work for. A mom with two kids and a full-time job is going to need a different spectrum of nutrients than a professional athlete.

It’s true that people can benefit from taking supplements to make up for the nutrients that are often missing our diets. But instead of reaching for a multivitamin, work with your healthcare professional to figure out what you’re actually deficient in. That usually starts with a blood test, which will determine your baseline levels of essential vitamins and minerals—and give you an individualized blueprint for supplementation.

How to start supplementing

Before we get into the exact supplements you should take, here are some general criteria for supplementation:

Get the majority of your nutrients from food

You don’t eat nutrients—you eat food.

Whole foods behave differently from their individual parts. For instance, the nutrients from a piece of meat are more bioavailable than consuming the equivalent nutrients from a pill or powder. Antioxidants from food are beneficial, but taking high doses of some synthetic antioxidants comes with higher risks for adverse health conditions.^[4]

The nutrients in food work together in a process known as food synergy.^[5] In short, this means food is more powerful than the sum of its parts. That’s why it’s important to start with a nutrient-dense diet, then supplement specific nutrients according to your specific needs and goals. You get the best nutrients from whole foods. Everything else should just fill in the gaps.

When in doubt, go without

Just because something is natural doesn’t mean it can’t be harmful or have side effects. It’s possible to overdo even the most natural herbal supplements or food-based vitamins and minerals. And supplements are not immune from heavy metals, contaminants and byproducts from processing—which is why you want to make sure you’re getting high-quality supplements.

Always check the sourcing and quality of your supplement providers. Bulletproof supplements are made with rigorously selected, science-backed ingredients and are always free of soy, gluten and artificial fillers.

The top 10 supplements (almost) everyone should take

1. Vitamin D
2. Vitamin K2
3. Vitamin A
4. Vitamin C
5. Iodine
6. Krill Oil
7. Magnesium
8. L-Tyrosine
9. Zinc and Copper
10. Methyl Folate and Methyl B-12

More Supplements From Bulletproof

Can I Take Too Much Collagen in One Day?

What Are Greens? 6 Things to Look for in a Greens Powder Supplement

What Are Brain Supplements? What to Know About Nootropics

The Bulletproof Guide to Supplements

Vitamin D for strong bones, muscle function and immunity

This isn’t just an essential supplement. The sunshine vitamin is possibly the most important vitamin you need in your daily routine.

Vitamin D acts on over 1,000 different genes and serves as a substrate for sex hormones like testosterone, human growth hormone and estrogen. It moderates immune function and supports a healthy inflammation response. It assists in calcium metabolism and bone formation. It’s no coincidence this is one of the few vitamins humans can make on their own, with a little bit of sunshine. Without it, we’d be toast.

It’s true that you can get adequate vitamin D from sun exposure, but sun exposure alone is not enough. Up north, the right wavelengths don’t reach you during the winter months.

If you’re concerned about toxicity from supplementation, make sure to get your vitamin D level tested and consult a physician about the appropriate amount to take based on your blood test result.

• Suggested dose: 1,000 IU per 25 pounds of body weight*
• Form: Vitamin D3 with vitamin K (which is what you get with Bulletproof Vitamins A-D-K)
• When to take it: In the morning

Rather go the gummy vitamin route? Bulletproof Vitamins A+D+K Gummies provide 900 mg of vitamin A, 2,000 IU of vitamin D3 and 1,180 mcg of vitamin K1 and K2. Not only are they tasty and easy to take, but they’re also sugar-free!

*Your skin tone affects your dose. People with darker skin don’t convert sunlight into vitamin D as quickly as lighter-skinned people. If you have darker skin, a safe bet is 1,500 IU per 25 pounds of body weight. No matter your skin color, always test your blood levels because your individual response to dosage may vary.

More Supplements From Bulletproof

Can I Take Too Much Collagen in One Day?

What Are Greens? 6 Things to Look for in a Greens Powder Supplement

What Are Brain Supplements? What to Know About Nootropics

The Bulletproof Guide to Supplements

Vitamin K2 for bone health and heart health

Unless you grew up eating only grass-fed meat and raw milk, you’re probably deficient in vitamin K2.

Vitamin K2 is a fat-soluble vitamin involved in calcium metabolism. Excess calcium is deposited in your arteries, leading to calcification and decreased vascular function. This is part of the reason you want to take vitamin K with vitamin D: These vitamins work together to play a critical role in calcium transport and absorption.

Vitamin K1 is the kind of vitamin K found in leafy veggies, and vitamin K2 is the kind found in grass-fed animal products. Ruminant animals like cows and sheep convert K1 into K2 in their stomachs, but humans don’t convert K1 to K2 as efficiently. Just another reason to go with grass-fed: Animals can only get K1 from grass, not grains.

There are two subsets of vitamin K2: MK-4 and MK-7. MK-4 is the kind shown to produce the most benefit, but MK-7 is still important. You should consume a total of at least 2,000 mcg per day of K1 and K2, at least 100 mcg of which should be the MK-7 form.

• Suggested dose: 2,000 mcg per day (100 mcg MK-7 form)
• Forms: MK-4 and MK-7 (found in Vitamins A-D-K)
• When to take it: Once daily with food and your vitamin D supplement

Vitamin A for immunity, vision and reproductive health

Vitamin A is essential if you don’t eat organ meats like beef liver, kidney and heart. This vitamin is an important cofactor for numerous metabolic reactions and bodily functions. A quarter of Americans consume less than half the RDA of vitamin A, which is already too low.

An important thing to remember is that you can’t get vitamin A from plants. Plants don’t have vitamin A—they have beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is poorly converted into vitamin A, which is why some populations develop vitamin A deficiency despite consuming far more than they should have required. Vegetables are definitely part of a healthy diet, but sorry—carrots alone aren’t going to cut it.

• Suggested dose: 3,000-10,000 IU per day
• Forms: Retinol (which you’ll find as retinyl palmitate in Vitamins A-D-K)
• When to take it: With meals

Vitamin C for immune function and to combat oxidative stress

This is one of the safest, most effective dietary supplements you can take. Vitamin C is needed for collagen and connective tissue formation. It’s used to manufacture glutathione, the most powerful antioxidant in the body. Vitamin C can enhance immune function and help fight free radical damage.

Some fruits and vegetables are high in vitamin C, but cooking and storage methods can deplete vitamin C content. Supplementation with at least 500 mg per day is optimal. When you need extra immune support, take a higher dose of vitamin C.

• Suggested dose: 500-1,000 mg per day
• Forms: Ascorbic acid or liposomal vitamin C
• When to take it: In the morning and evening

Looking for an easy way to get your daily dose of vitamin C? Bulletproof Immune Defense Collagen Protein Packets contain 500 mg of vitamin C, 1,000 IU of vitamin D, our Custom Immune Blend and 7 grams of collagen protein. Take it daily to keep your immune system ready.^†

Meanwhile, Bulletproof Immune Complex provides targeted defense with extra immune support from vitamin C, elderberry and an herbal Immunity Blend.^† 

Iodine for your thyroid, brain and immune system

Iodine is crucial for proper thyroid function and metabolism. It also enhances immune function and prevents brain damage.^[6] Iodine deficiency is widespread, so supplementation is a good idea. Physically active people are at especially high risk for deficiency because you lose iodine through sweat.^[7]

You can get some iodine from seafood, but unless you’re eating it with every meal, you probably won’t get enough. If you have a thyroid condition, consult your healthcare provider before you supplement with iodine.

• Suggested dose: 150 mcg to 1000 mcg (1 mg) per day
• Forms: Kelp powder sourced from clean waters or potassium iodide capsules
• When to take it: Once daily with food

Omega-3 fatty acids for your brain, heart and skin

Humans need 350 mg of DHA and EPA a day to have optimal brain function. The problem is that most people don’t get nearly enough omega-3s through diet alone.

If you’re eating grass-fed meat and wild-caught fish several times a week, you’ll get there. If you can’t find grass-fed meat or wild-caught seafood, you should supplement with 500-1000 mg of krill oil per day.

Why krill oil? It’s a stable source of omega-3s, and it’s phosphorylated, meaning it’s easier for your brain to use. It also comes with astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant. And when you combine it with fish oil, you get the full count of essential fatty acids in one supplement.

• Suggested dose: At least 2,000 mg per day (get it with Bulletproof Omega Krill Complex)
• Forms: Krill and fish oil blend
• When to take it: With meals

Magnesium for everything from energy to brain function

This is almost as important as vitamin D, and almost as underappreciated. Magnesium is used in over 300 biological processes, including all of those involved in ATP (energy) production. It’s also vital for proper transcription of DNA and RNA.

Magnesium deficiency is a major problem, as the majority of people don’t meet the recommended daily allowance (RDA), which is already too low.^[8][9] Due to soil depletion and poor farming practices, it’s almost impossible to get enough magnesium from diet alone. Without a doubt, everyone should supplement with magnesium.

• Suggested dose: 200-800mg per day (start low and work your way up)
• Forms: Citrate, malate, glycinate, threonate or orotate (find out how to choose the best magnesium supplement)
• When to take it: Before bedtime

Bulletproof Magnesium provides support for your nervous system, muscles and bones by delivering 320mg of highly absorbable magnesium citrate per serving. You can take all three capsules at once, or divide the dosage throughout the day.†

L-tyrosine for mood

This amino acid boosts mood, cognition, physical and mental stress response and healthy glandular function. L-tyrosine quickly crosses the blood-brain barrier to increase the neurotransmitters dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. It’s also a building block for thyroid hormone.

Your body can make L-tyrosine, but it depletes when you’re stressed—and with modern living, most people’s production can’t keep up. Studies have shown that cadets in combat training supplementing with L-tyrosine had reduced negative effects from physical and psychosocial stress on mental performance.^[10] You can get tyrosine in complete protein sources like beef, chicken, fish and even whey protein supplements, but for targeted support and overall wellness, use a dedicated supplement.

• Suggested dose: 500-2000mg per day
• Forms: Pure L-Tyrosine
• When to take it: Whenever you want

Zinc with copper for your immunity and energy

Zinc and copper both serve hundreds of critical tasks to keep you healthy, and I take them together for a couple reasons:

1. Too much zinc can decrease copper levels in your body
2. Together, zinc and copper form the antioxidant copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), one of your body’s most critical natural defense mechanisms

Zinc is a key mineral in the support of healthy immune function, energy production and mood. It’s important to take it as a supplement because it can be tough to get a meaningful amount from food, and your body doesn’t store it, meaning you need to replenish each day.

You need copper to work in conjunction with zinc, and for proper vascular and heart function. Most adults in the United States are woefully deficient in copper, consuming only 0.8 mg per day.

Copper intake has fallen over the last century due to modern farming and dietary practices. Modern fruits, vegetables, and conventional meats are low in copper, containing 75% less than they used to.

• Suggested dose: 15mg zinc orotate and 1-2mg copper orotate per day. Get science-backed doses of both in Bulletproof Zinc With Copper
• Form: Capsule
• When to take it: Outside of meals or supplements containing iron, calcium and phytates, which can decrease absorption of zinc

Methyl B-12 and Methyl Folate for brain power

Most people are deficient in vitamin B12, but your B vitamins are vital because they support healthy cells, nerve function and energy production.

One of the most crucial areas for B-12 is the brain.^[11] It’s necessary for maintaining the methylation reactions that help repair DNA. Vitamin B-12 may also help lower homocysteine, an amino acid that can damage blood vessels in high quantities.

Methyl B-12 is methyl cobalamin, a form of vitamin B-12 that’s easier for your body to use. Take it with folate, a form of vitamin B9. Folate supports a healthy heart and nervous system. You want balanced doses of both to maintain brain health, so take them together.

• Suggested dose: One Bulletproof Methyl B-12 lozenge daily and at least 800 mcg of folate (5-MTHF or folinic acid, not folic acid)
• Forms: Capsule and/or lozenge
• When to take it: Daily with food

The list above was a small portion of supplements to consider taking. They’ll provide you with a strong foundation as you try other forms of supplementation, such as energy supplements like creatine, other vitamins like vitamin E and gut health supplements like probiotics. Supplementation is something everyone should do, but how much depends on your diet and other lifestyle factors. If you’re not sure where to start, talk to your healthcare provider (and dietitian) to figure out an individualized plan that works for you.

Is stress getting the best of you? Discover which science-backed supplements can target and help tame it.

This article has been updated with new content.